1978: Cardinal Karol Wojtyla, Archbishop of Krakow, is elected Pope, becoming John Paul II.
1964: China detonates its first atomic bomb, becoming the 5th nuclear power in the world.
1813: The Napoleonic army is defeated in Leipzig in the "Battle of the Nations".
1793: The queen of France Marie-Antoinette is guillotined.
1094: The bishops excommunicate the King of France Philippe I on behalf of Pope Urban II.
