1946: The constitution of the Fourth Republic in France is ratified by referendum.
1943: Italy declares war on Germany, its former Axis ally.
1937: The Third Reich guarantees the inviolability of Belgium.
1923: Ankara becomes the new capital of Turkey.
1837: Capture of Constantine by the French.
1815: Joachim Murat, Marshal of the Empire, is shot in Pizzo, in the kingdom of Naples.
1307: Accused of heresy, all the Templars are arrested in France.
